Implantación del derecho a la sexualidad de personas con discapacidad intelectual o del desarrollo según los profesionales de una asociación andaluza / Implementation of the Right to Sexuality of People with Intellectual or Developmental Disabilities according to the Professionals of an Andalusian Association

La percepción sobre las personas con discapacidad intelectual o del desarrollo suele estar sesgada por prejuicios que dificultan su ejercicio del derecho a la sexualidad. Este trabajo evalúa la percepción de los profesionales de una asociación andaluza sobre la implementación de este derecho y si existen diferencias respecto a los valores de referencia nacionales. Para ello se recabaron las respuestas de 54 profesionales de una asociación mediante el cuestionario creado por De la Cruz et al. (2020), basado en nueve factores: Información y educación sexual, Intimidad, Consideración hacia su cuerpo desnudo y su pudor, Autonomía y autodeterminación, Identidad sexual y orientación del deseo, Relaciones personales, Apoyos necesarios, Perspectiva de género y Trabajo compartido. Los resultados muestran puntuaciones alrededor de 65 (respecto a un máximo de 100) en la mayoría de los factores, considerados niveles de implantación intermedios, y valores significativamente superiores a la referencia nacional en Apoyos necesarios y Trabajo compartido. La red de relaciones parciales muestra que Autonomía, Género, Consideración y Relaciones actúan como factores centrales, seguidos de Intimidad, asociada al factor Autonomía, e Identidad, asociada a Género. Este estudio ilustra la utilidad de evaluar la implementación de acciones a favor de la sexualidad de las personas con discapacidad intelectual o del desarrollo, aportando estrategias y herramientas metodológicas. (AU)

The perception of people with intellectual or developmental disabilities is often based on prejudices that hinder their exercise of their sexuality’s right. This work evaluates the perception of professionals of an Andalusian association in the implementation of this right and whether it differs from national reference values. For this purpose, the responses of 54 professionals from an association were collected through a questionnaire created by De la Cruz et al. (2020), based on nine factors: Information and sexual education, Intimacy, Consideration towards her naked body and shyness, Autonomy and self-determination, Sexual identity and orientation of desire, Personal relationships, Necessary support, Gender perspective and Shared work. The results show scores around 65 (compared to a maximum of 100) for most factors, considered intermediate levels of implementation, and significantly higher values than the national reference in Necessary supports and Shared work. The network of partial relationships shows that Autonomy, Gender, Consideration and Relationships work as central factors, followed by Intimacy, associated to the factor Autonomy, and Identity, associated to Gender. This study illustrates the usefulness of evaluating the implementation of actions in favour of the sexuality of people with intellectual or developmental disabilities, providing strategies and methodological tools. (AU)

Sociodemographic impact of variables on cognitive, language and motor development in very preterm infants.

BACKGROUND: In the last decades, the birth of premature babies has increased, it is important to know the impact of certain variables, especially in the most vulnerable groups. PURPOSE: To analyse the relationship of gestational age (GA), weight and sex of the children, as well as the educational level and age of the parents with the cognitive, motor and language development of a group of very preterm births, assessed at 36 months. DESIGN AND METHODS: The research followed a descriptive, observational and cross-sectional design. Children's development was measured using the Bayley-III Scale. Descriptive analysis, bivariate and linear regression models were carried out. RESULTS: Although the cognitive, motor and language development is within average levels, worse results are evidenced in the group of extreme premature, as opposed to the very premature. Boys score lower than girls, with these differences being more pronounced in the motor area. It also shows how the education level of both parents is related to the levels of development at 3 years of age of children born very prematurely, especially in language. CONCLUSIONS: Lower GA, male sex and lower parental educational level are associated with higher risk of developmental difficulties. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The findings of this study are relevant to clinical practice because they suggest to develop protocols of evaluation and the follow up of all premature children beyond 36 months, as well as developing specific intervention programmes for the most vulnerable of the premature groups.

Interaction of Impulsivity, Attention, and Intelligence in Early Adolescents Born Preterm without Sequelae.

There is insufficient evidence on the intellectual and attentional profile of adolescents born prematurely. AIM: to identify maladjustment in intellectual and attention skills at the beginning of secondary school. METHOD: 69 premature 12-year-old adolescents were evaluated with the WISC, d2 Test of Attention, and Test of Perception of Differences-Revised (CARAS-R). RESULTS: adolescents present intellectual and attention abilities in the normal range. However, all premature adolescents show difficulties in impulse control and female adolescents are better in processing speed. Depending on the category of prematurity, differences in attention skills are evident. CONCLUSION: adolescents born prematurely without associated sequelae have significantly lower performance in the same areas than the normative group. This could affect the cognitive control of their behavior and academic performance in the medium and long term. Great prematurity could interfere with attention skills and self-control even at the age of 12, especially in males.

Influence of perinatal complications on the development of a sample of 36-month-old premature infants.

OBJECTIVE: The lack of clear results in previous studies for this context makes us consider an exploratory study. The objective of this research is to examine the influence of certain perinatal factors on the development of premature infants over their first 36 months of life. METHOD: The sample consisted of 59 preterm infants born between 25 and 34 weeks of gestational age in an NICU of a third-level hospital. At 36 months of age, the Bayley-III Infant Development Scale (Spanish adaptation) and a clinical history were collected. RESULTS: The average scores on the Bayley-III Infant Development Scale were generally within the normal range, but significantly lower than normal for Fine Motor Function, Gross Motor Function, and Expressive Language. These differences remained when considering the degree of prematurity, gender, and perinatal complications. Infants who received mechanical ventilation, oxygen therapy or corticosteroid treatment due to bronchopulmonary dysplasia showed the greatest discrepancies from normal levels. CONCLUSION: Our results support prior studies that show that a combination of perinatal risk factors constitutes the largest determinant for developmental issues at 36 months of age. This information establishes the need for a priority follow-up in this population beyond 24 months of corrected age.

Evolución del desarrollo psicomotor en preescolares con antecedentes de prematuridad / Evolution of psychomotor development in pre-school children born prematurely

INTRODUCCIÓN: En las últimas décadas, el nacimiento de niños prematuros se ha incrementado notablemente, siendo importante conocer sus efectos. El objetivo del estudio es determinar el perfil de desarrollo psicomotor de niños con antecedentes de prematuridad, a los 4, 5 y 6 años, y compararlos con un grupo de niños nacidos a término para detectar posibles desajustes. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: La muestra estaba constituida por 98 participantes, distribuidos uniformemente en 2 grupos, prematuros y a término. Se realizó un estudio de cohorte prospectivo longitudinal analítico observacional con un diseño de casos y controles. Se ha considerado la división del grupo prematuro en muy prematuros y prematuros moderados y tardíos. Las evaluaciones se realizaron con las Escalas McCarthy de Aptitudes y Psicomotricidad para niños. RESULTADOS: Los datos muestran logros dentro de los intervalos medios. No obstante, se evidencian más dificultades en el desarrollo a los 4 años en el grupo de prematuros. Atendiendo a la edad gestacional, los muy prematuros (edad gestacional menor de 32 semanas) muestran puntuaciones significativamente más bajas con respecto a los prematuros moderados y tardíos, fundamentalmente a los 6 años, y con los nacidos a término, a los 4 y 6 años. CONCLUSIONES: A menor edad gestacional, son mayores las dificultades, pudiendo afectar en la etapa de Educación Primaria. Se considera la necesidad de efectuar un seguimiento a todos los prematuros en la etapa preescolar, así como evaluar habilidades más específicas y continuar con la atención desde equipos especializados

INTRODUCTION: The rate of premature births has significantly increased, and it is important to determine its effects. The objective of this study is to determine the psychomotor development profile of a group of children born prematurely, at the age of 4, 5 and 6, and to compare them with a group of full-term birth children, in order to detect any differences. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 98 participants, evenly distributed into two groups, premature and full-term born children. A prospective longitudinal observational analytical study, with a design of cases and controls, was carried out. For some analyses, the separation into early pre-term, moderate pre-term, and late pre-term was considered. The evaluations were performed using the McCarthy Scale of Aptitudes and Psychomotor skills for children. RESULTS: The data shows achievements within the middle intervals. However, there are more difficulties in development at 4 years in the group of premature children, according to gestational age. Early pre-term (gestational age less than 32 weeks) showed significantly lower scores compared to moderate and late pre-term, mainly at 6 years, and with those born at term, at 4 and 6 years. CONCLUSIONS: Development difficulties are greater at a lower gestational age, and may affect the Primary Education stage. The need to monitor all premature children in the preschool stage is suggested, as well as to evaluate more specific skills and continue with the care from specialist teams

Evolution of psychomotor development in pre-school children born prematurely.

INTRODUCTION: The rate of premature births has significantly increased, and it is important to determine its effects. The objective of this study is to determine the psychomotor development profile of a group of children born prematurely, at the age of 4, 5 and 6, and to compare them with a group of full-term birth children, in order to detect any differences. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 98 participants, evenly distributed into two groups, premature and full-term born children. A prospective longitudinal observational analytical study, with a design of cases and controls, was carried out. For some analyses, the separation into early pre-term, moderate pre-term, and late pre-term was considered. The evaluations were performed using the McCarthy Scale of Aptitudes and Psychomotor skills for children. RESULTS: The data show achievements within the middle intervals. However, there are more difficulties in development at 4 years in the group of premature children, according to gestational age. Early pre-term (gestational age less than 32 weeks) showed significantly lower scores compared to moderate and late pre-term, mainly at 6 years, and with those born at term, at 4 and 6 years. CONCLUSIONS: Development difficulties are greater at a lower gestational age, and may affect the Primary Education stage. The need to monitor all premature children in the preschool stage is suggested, as well as to evaluate more specific skills and continue with the care from specialist teams.

[Evolution of psychomotor development in pre-school children born prematurely]. / Evolución del desarrollo psicomotor en preescolares con antecedentes de prematuridad.

INTRODUCTION: The rate of premature births has significantly increased, and it is important to determine its effects. The objective of this study is to determine the psychomotor development profile of a group of children born prematurely, at the age of 4, 5 and 6, and to compare them with a group of full-term birth children, in order to detect any differences. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 98 participants, evenly distributed into two groups, premature and full-term born children. A prospective longitudinal observational analytical study, with a design of cases and controls, was carried out. For some analyses, the separation into early pre-term, moderate pre-term, and late pre-term was considered. The evaluations were performed using the McCarthy Scale of Aptitudes and Psychomotor skills for children. RESULTS: The data shows achievements within the middle intervals. However, there are more difficulties in development at 4 years in the group of premature children, according to gestational age. Early pre-term (gestational age less than 32 weeks) showed significantly lower scores compared to moderate and late pre-term, mainly at 6 years, and with those born at term, at 4 and 6 years. CONCLUSIONS: Development difficulties are greater at a lower gestational age, and may affect the Primary Education stage. The need to monitor all premature children in the preschool stage is suggested, as well as to evaluate more specific skills and continue with the care from specialist teams.

A Measurement Scale to Assess Children's Satisfaction with Hospitalization in the Andalusian Population.

Background: Patient satisfaction is a principal indicator in the evaluation of the stay of pediatric patients in hospitals, since its consequences can emotionally interfere with health treatment. The aim of this study was to obtain a valid scale to assess children's satisfaction with their time spent as a patient in an Andalusian hospital. Method: The Children's Satisfaction with Hospitalization Questionnaire (CSHQ) was applied to 623 pediatric patients hospitalized in Andalusia. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) showed one dimension underlying the children's satisfaction with their hospitalization. After that, we developed a depuration analysis process to achieve a valid and unidimensional scale to assess children's satisfaction. Results: The eleven-item one-dimension solution showed suitable consistency and goodness-of-fit indices. The final scale addresses hosting aspects as the main dimension of a minor's satisfaction in Andalusian hospitals. Conclusion: A unidimensional scale has been determined for the assessment of children's satisfaction with their stay in Andalusian hospitals based on hosting aspects. Nonetheless, other dimensions underlying the satisfaction of patients should also be considered.

Spanish Version of the Family Health Behavior Scale: Adaptation and Validation.

Different studies around the world indicate that the percentages of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence are high. In this context, it would be useful to have a common, valid, and reliable instrument to assess health behaviors of families that allows comparisons of data from different countries. The objective is the adaptation of a Spanish version of the Family Health Behavior Scale (FHBS). The questionnaire originally developed by Moreno group was translated and adapted following the International Test Commission protocol. Its psychometric properties were evaluated through analysis of internal consistency, factor analysis and other evidences of validity. The Spanish version of the FHBS demonstrated adequate reliability coefficients, and its factor structure sufficiently replicated that obtained by the original measurement. The results suggested that the adapted version of the questionnaire was an adequate and valid measure for the evaluation of family health behaviors related to the prevention of overweight and obesity.